Equinoctia

Equinoctia, fully styled Republic of Equinoctia, is the official name of the political entity which rests in Southern Balteca. Its only neighbor is Atenxtla which is to the northwest of it. Equinoctia is revered as being the worlds richest state in natural resources and also boasts their landmark political system as well as rich culture.

Bound by the South Avansic Ocean, Equinoctia has X miles of coastline. It covers X% of all Baltecan land and is the X largest nation in Balteca. Its Amazon basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Equinoctia one of the most megadiverse nations, and is the subject of significant global interest, as environmental degradation through processes like deforestation has direct impacts on global issues like climate change and biodiversity loss.

Equinoctias' has been a large contributor to history due to its numerous amounts of resources. Prior to landings by the Casillia, who claimed all the land of Southern Balteca for them after discovering its rich resources, Equinoctia was home to numerous tribal nations which roamed and conquered eachother and the lands. Equinoctia had its A Revolução Da Futilidade which resulted in a failure and caused the Casillians to increase their hold on Equinoctia by brutal acts such as rape, genocide, and arson. After sustaining for 30 years, following a military coup d'état, the country was transformed into a independent military junta. This authoratative military government quickly set out to form Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic which it sustains even today.

Etymology
The word 'Equino' comes from the Ancient Vendurjas word for 'of many' or 'rich in belongings'. The term 'Equinoctia' was not used to describe or refer to individuals from the political entity known as Equinoctia until 1912 following the Guerra de Vermelho, or Red War.

History
Some of the earliest humans found in the Baltecas were found in Equinoctia and show archeological evidence of human habitation going back 12,000 years.

The earliest pottery ever found in the Western Hemisphere was excavated in the Amazon basin of Equinoctia and radiocarbon dated to 9,000 years ago (7000 BC). The pottery was found near La Pema and provides evidence that the tropical forest region supported a complex prehistoric culture. The Aguagoa culture flourished on Aguajó, which is a large delta island, in the Amazon delta from 400 CE to 1400 CE, developing sophisticated pottery, social stratification, large populations, mound building, and complex social formations such as chiefdoms.

Before the arrival of the Artopans, the boundaries between these groups and their subgroups were marked by wars that arose from differences in culture, language and moral beliefs. These wars also involved large-scale military actions on land and water, with cannibalistic rituals on prisoners of war. While heredity had some weight, leadership status was more subdued over time, than allocated in succession ceremonies and conventions. Slavery among the natives had a different meaning than it had for Artopans, since it originated from a diverse socioeconomic organization, in which asymmetries were translated into kinship relations.

Around the time of the Casillian arrival, the territory of current day Equinoctia had an estimated indigenous population of 5 million people, mostly semi-nomadic, who subsisted on hunting, fishing, gathering, and migrant agriculture. The indigenous population of Brazil comprised several large indigenous ethnic groups (e.g. the Yayas, Piechóns, Garawaks, and Antepé). The Yaya people were subdivided into the Yamayans and Yayi, and there were also many subdivisions of the other groups.

Geography
Equinoctia sits on a large area along the eastern coast of Southern Balteca. It borders Avansica to the north and Rosara to the northwest. It has no islands and has a large coastline with the South Avansic Ocean. Its size, relief, climate, and natural resources make Equinoctia geographically diverse. Equinoctia lies between latitudes X, and longitudes X.

Equinoctia is the sixth largest country in the world, and fourth largest in Balteca, with a total area of X km2 (X sq mi), including X km2 (X sq mi) of water.

Equincotia spans X km (X) from north to south. Equinoctia sits nearly perfectly on the equator. Equinoctian topography is also diverse and includes hills, mountains, plains, highlands, and scrublands. Much of the terrain lies between 200 metres (660 ft) and 800 metres (2,600 ft) in elevation. The main upland area occupies most of the southern half of the country. The northwestern parts of the plateau consist of broad, rolling terrain broken by low, rounded hills.

The southeastern section is more rugged, with a complex mass of ridges and mountain ranges reaching elevations of up to 1,200 metres (3,900 ft).[177] These ranges include the Mantiqueira and Espinhaço mountains and the Serra do Mar. The highest point in Equinoctia is the Pico da Neblina at 2,994 metres (9,823 ft), and the lowest is the South Avansic.

Equinoctia has a dense and complex system of rivers, one of the world's most extensive, with eight major drainage basins, all of which drain into the South Avansic Ocean.

Government and politics
Equinoctia is a federal republic of 8 provinces. It is one of the worlds first and longest lasting federations. It is a federal republic and a representative democracy with 3 distinct branches targeted towards the idea of power-checks. Equinoctia is commonly seen as a "failed democracy" due to its oligarchist aspects.

In the Equinoctian federalist system, citizens are usually subject to three levels of government: federal, state, and local. The local government's duties are commonly split between county and municipal governments. In almost all cases, legislative officials are elected by a plurality vote of citizens.

Throughout the government there is a system of checks and balances outlined in Equinoctias' Constitution which is the country's supreme legal document. The constitution outlines the structure and responsibilities of the government and its relationship with provinces. All laws and governmental procedures, which are drafted and voted on by the legislative branch, are subject to judicial review, and any law can be voided if the courts determine that it violates the Constitution.

The federal government is comprised of three branches:
 * Legislative: The bicameral Chamber (totalling 61 seats), made up of the Leaders of the Chamber and the House Chairmen, makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, and has the power of the purse. Only the Leaders of the Chamber have the power of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government.


 * Executive: The president is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative bills before they become law (subject to override by the Chamber), chooses the House Chairmen, and appoints the members of their Cabinet, and other officers who administer and enforce federal laws and policies.


 * Judicial: The Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the president with approval from the Chamber, interpret laws and overturn those they find unconstitutional.

The Leaders of the Chamber has 40 voting members, each presenting a province for a four-year term. All 8 provinces receive 5 seats in the Leaders of the Chamber and citizens directly elect members. While Equinoctia currently has no territories or occupied land, the Constitution states if territories and occupied land have less population than half of Equinoctia's total population then they receive 3 seats in the house.

The House Chairmen have 21 seats with each person nominated by the president and their cabinet-nominated individuals can be denied by the judicial branch. Each member serves the same amount of time as the president however every 2 years the president has the choice to remove any individual and replace them. The ultimate president of the House Chairmen also leads the Chamber and is elected directly by the Leaders of the Chamber. The president is not elected by direct vote but rather an indirect electoral college system in which the determining votes are apportioned to the provinces. The Supreme Court, led by the Federal Heads of Justice, has 5 members who serve forever until resignation at which point they may nominate individuals who can be voted in by the remaining Federal heads of Justice. If a member dies, the Federal Heads of Justice all nominate individuals.