Baekdo

Baekdo (Gogunyi: 韩了爱) (Menzhian: ᠠ᠊ᠠᡡᡳᠣᡳ᠊ᡴ᠋) (Yemiak: 韩好蠢) officialy know as the Federal Republic of Baekdo. Its a Independent State Located in Artopa (more specific in Eastern Artopa) and its bordered by the Gulf of Zuma in the north the Czynsk Bay in the northeast, the Asha Sea in the East, the Rhoddic Ocean in the south and southwest and finally in the West by the Turan Bay.

The Countries that border Baekdo are in the west (in the Bayeo River) is the Jing Empire in the Northwest the Khalkhangai Khanate and in the North by Valbach, it also shares a maritime border with Tzyskea and Yine.

Baekdo is composed of three main geographic and cultural regions the Baekdian Peninsula, the Yemi Islands and Menzhia.

Etymology
The Name Baekdo has been the official name of the country for more than a millennium, its first 'appearance' is in an inscription on a grave of a king in the settlement of Ganyeo that its probable meaning is 'My Land', later on in the Kingdom of Baihai it become a symbol for the whole of the Peninsula and by the Daguye Dynasty it started to be a symbol for the People of the Peninsula (Baekdian People).

When the Kingdom of Jocheon unified the 7 Kingdoms it taked the name and put is as the official name of the new country the Baekdian Empire and finally when the Jing Empire Conquered the Remnants of the Empire (Jing Conquest) it become a symbol of resistance to the Jing and of nationalism and Baekdian Unity.

History
See: History of Baekdo

Paleolithic (33,000 BT-8,000 BT)
The First Humans arrived at Baekdo around 33,000 BT with the Tamja Culture, they were hunter gatherers and some of the most important sites were Guja Cave, Yuchaeon, Juji-ak Cave and Tajuchi, not a lot is known about them due to its small population and the fact that they live mostly in the coastline that was different due to lower sea levels in the last ice age.

Then in 19,000 BT the Tamja Culture transitioned into the more advanced Owang Culture that saw the creation of primitive stational settlements called Ruji-Do and advanced toolmaking like the usage of the atlatl or the so called Daji Knife that demonstrated they held religous cremonies. Some of the most important Owang sites were Daji, Odo-Ke, Sajeing and Kaifu, and althought they were more advanced and more recent a lot of their culture is unknown because its under the sea like the Tamja Culture.

By the 12,000 BT the Owang Culture was succeded by the Juichi Culture that upgraded the Ruji-Do and its name was taken of their most important site Juichi that saw early signs of megalithism and complex societes with stratification between priests, soldiers and workers. It also saw and increase in population due to warming climate at the end of the last glacial period, other important Juichi sites were Badaeng, Taekdo, Yu-chai and Borwang.

Neolithic (8,000 BT-1,700 BT)
With the warming climate and the adoption of a very primitive version of agriculture the Juichi Culture advanced into the Kaide Culture around 8,000 BT, they created the first ever 'settlements ' replacing the Ruji-Do, it also saw the first pottery making and the cenit of megalithism in the Peninsula. By far the gratest site of them was Dahaek that at is cenit held more than 4,000 people becoming one of the greatest settlements around the world. One of the most recognizable traits of the culture was the so called Buhai that are 3 meter tall rocks with petroglyphs that indicate were an important person was buried and it show the man history and it helped a lot in the research of this culture.

But around 4,500 BT diverse Proto-Yinesic People started migrating from the north into the Peninsula destroying the Kaide Culture and establishing the warmonger Doche-Ho Culture, they were several inovations that came with the invaders but the most important was copper-making and more advanced methods of agriculture that helped in a surplus of food that also helped in the foundation of the first true settlements in the Peninsula like Nanhai Hill, Techeon, Gaye Hill and Bejo.

Pre-Baihai Peninsula (1,700 BT-253 BT)
See: Yinesic Warlords. By 1,700 BT the Doche-Ho Culture had also adopted bronze and with arrival of new farming methods like irrigation created the conditions for the first ever primitive city-states in the Peninsula. This period was characterized by constant wars between the city-states and with the lack of any writing system all information about the Peninsula in this period is from foreign sources or arqueological evidence. Althought power changed quickly in this period several cities held more constant power than others like Okawi, Sarkawa and Genjong.

See: Baekdian Migrations. But a sudden change ocurred by 900 BT when the first Proto-Baekdian People migrated from Menzhia south into the Peninsula and thanks to their knowledge of iron they rapidly conquered and settled the north. It has been an object of discussion what was the first Baekdian State but the most conservative part says that it was Ganyeo, it was founded around 750 BT and by the year 650 BT it had become a political and cultural powerhouse dominiating with tributaries a large section of the actual province of Hailang Province and parts ofAsha Province, it was also the first settlement in the Peninsula that had writing system the so called Hangul characters that had since absorbed by the Jingese characters. The glory of Ganyeo ended in 496 BT when in one of its many raids on the Yinesic city-states a massive coalition of the cities meet Ganyeo at the Battle of the Green Ridge that devastated Ganyeo Forces and just 4 year later the same coaltion sacked Ganyeo destroying it in the process.

The next power that rised in the Peninsula was Goheo, it was founded in 457 BT and in its first years was just another Baekdian city-state but then So-Yei The Great assumed the throne of the city afther a coup and in his 65 year old long reign the territories of the city-state grew exponentially with tributaries as far as northern parts of Asha Province and as far south as the Capital Province. But with his death his sons wage war against each other and the Peninsula again return to chaos, in this chaos one of the younger sons Cho-Yu as the legend says was killed by his brother and went to heaven but he tricked the god of life by infiltrating in his house when he was sleeping and made sex with his daughter, with his daughter pregnant the god of life granted for his cleverness to Cho-Yu passage back to life and when his son was born it was send with him, this son was Suncheong The Great.

In 312 BT Suncheong founded the settlement of Baihai in today south Asha Province. He rapidly expanded the city-state into a major power due to his great military prowess and reforms like organized armies and the massive use of war charriots, he also was a great administrator and thanks to him Baihai didn't collapse when he died due to a very strict succession law.

His son was Yeok-unwang The Builder he strengthen the control over some areas and expanded the control of Baihai more. A descicive moment in Baekdian history was when him in 253 BT declared himself king of the entire peninsula and created the new Kingdom of Baihai, by that point he controled the entirety of Hailang Province and parts of Asha Province, Capital Province and Bayeo Province. Afther the declaration a massive coalition fo Yinesic and Baekdian city-states formed to stop him and in 249 BT the gigantic Battle of the Red Fields taked place with an incredible victory for Yeok-unwang that cemented his power in the Peninsula.

Kingdom of Baihai (253 BT-70 BT)
Afther the victory in the Battle of the Red Fields the rest of Yeok-unwang reign was peaceful and his efforts were in building infrastructure to establish order and hold his gains. When he died he was buried in a massive tomb nearby Baihai that is so high many people thought it was a hill until recent times when he was rediscovered.

His succesor was Bajeo The Subjugator that expanded his lands to the south founding a small military outpust that will later be Daegu and conquring several Yinesic city-states, even going so south that entered today Buji Province, he also established close tides with the Wenzheng Dynasty in today North-East Jing Empire, finally he expanded his kingdom to the west into Bayeo Province even crossing the Bayeo River but a sudden Yinesic revolt stoped his campaigns in which near the town of Akaji in 185 BT he was killed in an ambush with a poisonous arrow. His death marked the start of the deciline of the Kingdom of Baihai.

His son Hanye The Fool succeded him and his reign was marked in the destruction of the economy organizing great parties and banquets he also was known for his polygamy that made him a lot of enemies one of which was Rengkya the Killer a peasant whos wife was raped by Hanye, he infiltrated into the palace in Baihai some say he evaded all the guards while other people say that even the guards were pissed with the king whatever the case he killed Hanye in his sleep and for a brief time was king before being dethroned by his own guards.

While Rengkya was reigning some of Hanye sons rebbeled against him and with his death they marched into Baihai without resistance but difficulties in choosing a king led to the Battle of the 10 Brothers that ended in only one of them surviving and becoming king by the name of Yukeing The Brief that only lasted 12 days because another brother killed him Gelhai the Bloody and declared himself king, that outraged other brothers and Yukeing son Ro-ikung the Mighty that rebbeled against him while other brothers supported Gelhai, that started a long and brutal civil war known as the War of the 50 Brothers.

This civil war finally ended in 149 BT with the country in ashes, its economy destroyed and several Yinesic cities declared independance, the new king was no other than Ro-ikung his reign was marked with a new economic and military reforms that led to establishment of order around the kingdom.

His brother (because Ro-ikung had no children) Yehei The Conqueror succeded him and subjugated the Yinesic cities that gain independence in the turmoil, he expanded the kingdom into the north and east and defeated a coalition of Baekdian city-states supoorted by the Zuhai Dynasty that succeded the Wenzheng Dynasty in the Battle of Suchon, but his death by an unknown illness (some say he was poisoned) in 134 BT led to instability and in the future the collapse of the entire kingdom.

While all of this was happening in Menzhia Proto-Baekdian people had been living there for millenniums and adapted several customs from the neighboring Khalkhan People like horse archery and a more nomadic lifestyle. With the turmoil in the Kingdom of Baihai and a very cruel winter that affected Menzhia the often neutral Menzhian People started raiding into the Peninsula just worsening the effects of the crisis in the kingdom.

The last 64 years of the kingdom were marked in constant instability, wars between brothers for the throne, regional lords becoming more independent and Menzhian raidings devastating the countryside. The last king of Baihai was Chadae the Weak that saw how the kingdom collapsed under his nose and before he could do anything a massive Menzhian raid with the help of some warlords besieged and destroyed Baihai in 70 BT.